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Vol. 12. Núm. 6.
Páginas 255-262 (Noviembre - Diciembre 1998)
Open Access
Relación entre Personalidad, Actitudes y Consumo de Alcohol, Tabaco y Ejercicio en Escolares
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E. Comín Bertrán*,****, R. Torrubia Beltri**, J. Mor Sancho***
* ABS Dr. Pujol i Capsada. ICS. El Prat de Llobregat (Barcelona)
** Unidad de Psicología Médica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
*** Departament de Serveis Personals. Ayuntamiento de Lleida
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Información del artículo
Resumen
Objetivo

Estudiar la relación entre consumo de tabaco, alcohol y ejercicio y las actitudes sobre estos hábitos y el rasgo de personalidad de Búsqueda de Sensaciones en escolares.

Sujetos y métodos

Estudio descriptivo transversal realizado en la ciudad de Lérida en 1990 sobre una muestra de 423 escolares de sexto curso de EGB y 393 de octavo, obtenida por muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados y estratificado por la titularidad de la escuela. Se analizó el consumo de tabaco y de alcohol, el nivel de ejercicio y las actitudes, entre otras variables, mediante el cuestionario FRISC. En octavo curso se añadió el Cuestionario de Búsqueda de Sensaciones sobre personalidad.

Resultados

Las puntuaciones para la Búsqueda de Emociones (BEM), la Desinhibición (DES), la Sinceridad y la global de Búsqueda de Sensaciones (BS) fueron superiores para los varones. Los más deportistas tienen actitudes hacia el ejercicio más favorables y puntuaciones en BEM y DES superiores. Fumadores y bebedores tienen actitudes favorables hacia los dos hábitos, son contrarios a la prohibición de anuncios y muestran puntuaciones superiores en todas las subescalas y el global de la BS. Existe una correlación entre las actitudes favorables hacia el tabaco (-0,38) y alcohol (-0,51) y la subescala DES. Las actitudes hacia el alcohol también se correlacionan con la puntuación global de BS.

Discusión

Existe una estrecha relación entre hábitos, actitudes y personalidad. Si bien el abordaje para la modificación de hábitos insaludables se debe plantear desde una perspectiva multifactorial, el cuestionario de BS podría ser un elemento útil parar detectar personas que precisen buscar nuevas sensaciones y reorientar esta tendencia hacia hábitos más saludables.

Palabras clave:
Tabaco
Alcohol
Ejercicio
Actitudes
Personalidad
Escolares
Summary
Objetive

To study the relation between tobacco and alcohol use and exercise, attitudes toward these habits, and the Sensation-Seeking personality trait in students.

Subjects and methods

A transversal descriptive study was carried out in the city of Lérida in 1990 in a sample of 430 sixth-grade students and 383 eighth-grade students. The sample was obtained by random sampling of aggregates and stratified by the titularity of the school. An analysis was made of the tobacco and the alcohol use, the levels of physical exercise and the attitudes, among other variables, using the FRISC questionnaire. In eighth grade students, the Sensation-Seeking personality questionnaire was added.

Results

The overall scores for Emotion Seeking (EMS), Disinhibition (DIS), Sincerity, and the overall score for Sensation Seeking (SS) were higher for males. The students most active in sports had more favorable attitudes toward exercise and higher EMS and DIS scores. Smokers and drinkers had favorable attitudes toward these habits, opposed their prohibition, and had higher scores for all the subscales and the overall SS. There was a correlation between favorable attitudes toward tobacco (-0.38) and alcohol (-0.51), and the DIS score. Attitudes toward alcohol also correlated with the overall SS score.

Discussion

There was a close relation between habits, attitudes, and personality. Although the approach for modifying unhealthy habits should be proposed from a multifactorial perspective, the SS questionnaire could be a useful element for detecting persons who feel the need to seek new sensations and refocusing this tendency on healthier habits.

Key words:
Tobacco
Alcohol
Attitudes
Personality
Schoolchildren
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