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Vol. 6. Núm. 31.
Páginas 157-161 (Julio - Agosto 1992)
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Vol. 6. Núm. 31.
Páginas 157-161 (Julio - Agosto 1992)
Open Access
Adolescencia en Riesgo: Una Encuesta de Salud Entre Estudiantes de C.O.U.
Adolescents at Risk: A Health Survey Among Preuniversity Students
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M. Luisa López González1,*, Pilar Nájera Morrondo2, Consuelo López Nomdedeu2, Leticia Secall Mellén1, M del Olivo Valle Gómez2,1, Antonio Cueto Espinar1
1 Facultad de Medicina. Area de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Universidad de Oviedo
2 Instituto de Salud «Carlos III»
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Resumen

El presente trabajo investiga el nivel de educación para la salud en una muestra representativa de 804 alumnos de C.O.U asturianos, seleccionada aleatoriamente a partir del listado oficial del Ministerio de Educatión y Ciencia. Se ha utilizado como instrumento de medida un cuestionario de elaboración propia, construido con variables destinadas a valorar conocimientos, actitudes y conductas en relación con algunos de los más importantes factores determinantes de la salud. La encuesta se desarrolló en aulas docentes, en pequeño grupo, garantizando el anonimato.

Aunque la mayoría de los alumnos se autopercibe sano o muy sano, los jóvenes conviven con importantísimos factores de riesgo: 12% ha tenido más de 25 borracheras durante el aāo anterior; 43,53% fuma en alguna medida y sólo 3,86% identifica los días de máximo riesgo de embarazoen un ciclo supuesto, si bien 31% mantiene relaciones heterosexuales. Teóricamente, el 92% cita a la salud entre los tres valores importantes de su vida. También estiman que las drogas ilegales son el más importante problema de salud actual para los adolescentes y jóivenes.

Hay una cierta contradictión entre la alta importancia teórica concedida a la salud, la buena autocalificación de la mismay laconstatada convivencia con importantes factores de riesgo. Se podría imputar un cierto fracaso del sistema educativo en la preventión primaria intraescolar.

Palabras clave:
Educación Sanitaria
Adolescencia
Factores de riesgo
Summary

The present study investigates the level of health education in a representative sample of 804 pre-university Asturian students, randomly selected from the official list of the Ministry of Education and Science. We used a questionnaire (designed by us) in order to measure the knowledge, attitudes and behaviour related to some of the most important health determining factors. The survey was carried out by interviewing small groups of students in the classroom situation.

Although it was found that the majority perceived themselves as healthy or very healthy, these young people are widely exposed to risk factors: 12% have suffered from more than 25 episodes of drunkenness during the previous year; 43.53% smoked to some extent and only 3.86% identified the days of maximum risk of pregnancy in a supposed menstrual cycle, although 31% maintained sexual relationships. Theoretically, 92% selected health as the most important factor among the three most fundamental values for life. They also think that illegal drugs are the most important health problem at present for young people.

There is a contradiction between the high theoretical importance given to health, the good self-qualification of it, and the observed presence of important risk factors. A certain failure of the educational system with respect to primary prevention can be claimed.

Key words:
Health Education
Adolescence
Risk Factors
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Copyright © 1992. Sociedad Española de Salud Pública y Administración Sanitaria
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