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Vol. 7. Núm. 39.
Páginas 282-288 (Noviembre - Diciembre 1993)
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Vol. 7. Núm. 39.
Páginas 282-288 (Noviembre - Diciembre 1993)
Open Access
Características de Los No Respondientes a un Estudio de Seguimiento en Mayores de 65 Años
Characteristics of Non-respondents to a Follow-up Study of Elderly People (65 and over)
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3339
Javier Marion Buen1,*, Alexandra Prados Torres2
1 Hospital Universitario. Granada
2 Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Granada
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Información del artículo
Resumen

La mejorforma de estimar la presencia de sesgos de no respuesta y su potencial efecto en investigación epidemiológica es conociendo las características de los no respondientes. Con este estudio se pretende conocer qué aspectos de aquellos que rehusan responder a las encuestas telefónicas y personales de un estudio de seguimiento de personas mayores de 65 años.

Como parte del Proyecto de Salud y Envejecimiento de Yale (Yale Health & Ageing Project), un estudio de seguimiento iniciado en 1982 en EEUU sobre un total de 2.806 individuos mayores de 65 años, se analizó la influencia de diferentes factores en la tasa de no respuesta referida específicamente a aquelbs que rehusaron responder a las entrevistas. Entre los posibles predictores se exploraron 21 variables relacionadas con las características demográficas, sociales y de estado de salud de los participantes. Como variable dependiente se consideró la respuesta o no respuesta a las encuestas realizadas.

Los resultados no mostraron asociaciones estadísticamente significativas. Únicamente el tipo de vivienda en ambos tipos de entrevista, y la educación, el estado cognitivo y la incapacidad física en la entrevista personal, con valores de p para las Odds Ratios entre 0,05 y 0,07, entre las mujeres, fueron factores que presentaron patrones relacionados con la respuesta a las encuestas.

Como conclusión, y contradiciendo las expectativas, las situaciones sociodemográficas más desfavorables no actuaron como factores inductores de la no respuesta, a excepción de la educación en el grupo de las mujeres y para entrevistas personales. Con respecto al estado de salud, sólo un peor estado cognitivo, tal y como se ha publicado repetidas veces, aparece como predictor de rechazo a contestar para las mujeres en la entrevista personal.

Palabras clave:
Encuesta de salud
Métodos epidemiológicos
Envejecimiento
Estudios de seguimiento
Summary

The best way to estimate non response bias and its potential effect in epidemiological research to know the characteristics of non respondents. The purpose of this study is to analyza what characteristics of those who refused to answer telephone and personal interviews in a follow-up study can predict non-response.

As part of the Yale Health and Ageing Project, a follow-up study initiated in 1982 in the USA in a population sample of 2.806 over 65 years of age, the influence of several factors in non-response rate for those who refused to answer the interview was analyzed. A total of 21 variables related to demographic, health, and social characteristics were analyzed. The dependent variable was defined as response/non-response to the interviews.

The results did not show significant statistical associations. The only factors that showed specific patterns were housing (in both types of interviews), and education level, cognitive status, and physical disability in personal interview in women, with p values for the Odds Ratios between 0.05 and 0.07.

In conclusion, most results of this study do not support the findings already published. A disavantaged sociodemographic situation was not a predictor factor of non-response, except for the education level of women in personal interviews. In relation to health status only apoor cognitive status, as it has been already reported, seems to induce refusal of women to personal interviews.

Key words:
Follow-up studies
Health surveys
Epidemiological methods
Ageing
Follow-up studies
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