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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La contaminaci&#243;n por compuestos t&#243;xicos persistentes &#40;CTP&#41; de la poblaci&#243;n general es un hecho relevante desde una perspectiva de salud p&#250;blica&#46; Es&#44; asimismo&#44; importante para el sistema sanitario asistencial y para las pol&#237;ticas ambientales&#44; alimentarias&#44; industriales y econ&#243;micas&#46;</p><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Aunque en Espa&#241;a los conocimientos sobre la contaminaci&#243;n de los alimentos por CTP presentan grandes vac&#237;os temporales y geogr&#225;ficos&#44; a&#250;n es menor la informaci&#243;n sobre sus concentraciones en las personas&#58; no existe ning&#250;n estudio representativo de una poblaci&#243;n general sana efectuado en una zona geogr&#225;fica amplia&#46; Los estudios disponibles indican que un 80-100&#37; de la poblaci&#243;n tiene concentraciones detectables de DDE&#44; policlorobifenilos&#44; hexaclorobenceno o lindano&#46; En Espa&#241;a el n&#250;mero de estudios sobre los efectos que los CTP tienen en las personas es todav&#237;a m&#225;s exiguo&#46; Los estudios internacionales sugieren que dosis de algunos CTP por debajo de las que normalmente se consideran &#171;seguras&#187; pueden causar efectos biol&#243;gicos y cl&#237;nicos relevantes&#46; Los mecanismos de acci&#243;n no comprenden s&#243;lo la disrupci&#243;n endocrina&#46; La valoraci&#243;n de la significaci&#243;n cl&#237;nica y social del espectro de efectos m&#225;s sutiles y con per&#237;odos de latencia mayores de los CTP presenta interesantes retos y oportunidades&#46;</p><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Espa&#241;a y otros pa&#237;ses europeos sufren un d&#233;ficit de indicadores poblacionales sobre el impacto que los procesos ambientales tienen en la salud humana&#46; Los distintos &#225;mbitos de la Administraci&#243;n deben monitorizar los valores biol&#243;gicos de los CTPs y valorar sus posibles riesgos para la salud&#46;</p><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Junto con m&#225;s de cien otros pa&#237;ses&#44; pr&#243;ximamente Espa&#241;a intentar&#225; implementar el Tratado sobre los Contaminantes Org&#225;nicos Persistentes &#40;Convenio de Estocolmo&#41;&#46; Ello constituye un nuevo motivo para desarrollar programas m&#225;s eficientes de vigilancia y control de los residuos de los CTP en alimentos&#44; humanos y medio ambiente&#46; Como parte de la aplicaci&#243;n del Convenio&#44; es necesario iniciar un informe pe-dom&#233;stiri&#243;dico sobre los factores que condicionan las concentraciones internas de CTP en la poblaci&#243;n general espa&#241;ola&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The contamination by persistent toxic compounds &#40;PTCs&#41; of the general population is a fact of relevance from a public health perspective&#46; It is also relevant to health care professionals&#44; as well as for environmental&#44; food&#44; industrial and economic policies&#46;</p><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Though in Spain information on food contamination by PTCs shows large time and geographic gaps&#44; the scarcity of data is even moren severe on the concentrations that PTCs have in people&#58; a representative study of a general healthy population living in a wide geographic area has never been conducted in the country&#46; However&#44; the available studies indicate that around 80-100&#37; of the population has detectable concentrations of DDE&#44; PCBs&#44; hexachlorbenzene or lindane&#46; Studies on the effects that PTCs have upon humans are extremely infrequent in Spain&#46; Yet&#44; the international literature suggests that some PTCs may induce significant biological and clinical effects at doses below those tradicionally deemed &#8220;safe&#8221;&#46; The mechanism of action of PTCs are not restricted to endocrine disruption&#46; Assessing the clinical and social relevance of the more subtle and long-term effects of PTCs presents interesting challenges and opportunities&#46;</p><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Spain and other European countries lack population indicators on the impact that environmental processes have on human health&#46; Several government levels have a role to fulfill in the monitoring of biological levels of PTCs among persons in order to assess the risks of adverse health effects&#46;</p><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Along with over a hundred other countries&#46; Spain will soon try to implement the Stockholm treaty on persistent organic pollutants &#40;POPs&#41;&#46; This constitutes a new opportunity to develop more efficient policies to control PTC residues in food&#44; humans and the enviroment&#46; As part of the treaty implementation it is necessary to launch a Report on factors that influence body concentrations of PTCs in the Spain general population&#46;</p>"
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Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 257-266 (May - June 2002)
Vol. 16. Issue 3.
Pages 257-266 (May - June 2002)
Open Access
Concentraciones de compuestos tóxicos persistentes en la población española: el rompecabezas sin piezas y la protección de la salud pública
Concentrations of persistent toxic compounds in the Spanish population: a puzzle without pieces and the protection of public health
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M. Portaa,b,
Corresponding author
mporta@imim.es

Correspondencia: Prof. M. Porta. Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica. Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Dr. Aiguader, 80. 08003 Barcelona.
, M. Kogevinasa,b, E. Zumetaa, J. Sunyera,c, N. Ribas-Fitóa, Grupo de Trabajo sobre Compuestos Tóxicos Persistentes y Salud del IMIM *
a Instituto Municipal de Investigación Médica (IMIM)
b Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona
c Universidad Pompeu Fabra
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Abstract
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Resumen

La contaminación por compuestos tóxicos persistentes (CTP) de la población general es un hecho relevante desde una perspectiva de salud pública. Es, asimismo, importante para el sistema sanitario asistencial y para las políticas ambientales, alimentarias, industriales y económicas.

Aunque en España los conocimientos sobre la contaminación de los alimentos por CTP presentan grandes vacíos temporales y geográficos, aún es menor la información sobre sus concentraciones en las personas: no existe ningún estudio representativo de una población general sana efectuado en una zona geográfica amplia. Los estudios disponibles indican que un 80-100% de la población tiene concentraciones detectables de DDE, policlorobifenilos, hexaclorobenceno o lindano. En España el número de estudios sobre los efectos que los CTP tienen en las personas es todavía más exiguo. Los estudios internacionales sugieren que dosis de algunos CTP por debajo de las que normalmente se consideran «seguras» pueden causar efectos biológicos y clínicos relevantes. Los mecanismos de acción no comprenden sólo la disrupción endocrina. La valoración de la significación clínica y social del espectro de efectos más sutiles y con períodos de latencia mayores de los CTP presenta interesantes retos y oportunidades.

España y otros países europeos sufren un déficit de indicadores poblacionales sobre el impacto que los procesos ambientales tienen en la salud humana. Los distintos ámbitos de la Administración deben monitorizar los valores biológicos de los CTPs y valorar sus posibles riesgos para la salud.

Junto con más de cien otros países, próximamente España intentará implementar el Tratado sobre los Contaminantes Orgánicos Persistentes (Convenio de Estocolmo). Ello constituye un nuevo motivo para desarrollar programas más eficientes de vigilancia y control de los residuos de los CTP en alimentos, humanos y medio ambiente. Como parte de la aplicación del Convenio, es necesario iniciar un informe pe-doméstiriódico sobre los factores que condicionan las concentraciones internas de CTP en la población general española.

Palabras clave:
Compuestos tóxicos persistentes
Agentes químicos ambientales
Compuestos organoclorados
DDT
DDE
Policlorobifenilos
Dioxinas
Hexaclorobenceno
Lindano
Convenio de Estocolmo
Summary

The contamination by persistent toxic compounds (PTCs) of the general population is a fact of relevance from a public health perspective. It is also relevant to health care professionals, as well as for environmental, food, industrial and economic policies.

Though in Spain information on food contamination by PTCs shows large time and geographic gaps, the scarcity of data is even moren severe on the concentrations that PTCs have in people: a representative study of a general healthy population living in a wide geographic area has never been conducted in the country. However, the available studies indicate that around 80-100% of the population has detectable concentrations of DDE, PCBs, hexachlorbenzene or lindane. Studies on the effects that PTCs have upon humans are extremely infrequent in Spain. Yet, the international literature suggests that some PTCs may induce significant biological and clinical effects at doses below those tradicionally deemed “safe”. The mechanism of action of PTCs are not restricted to endocrine disruption. Assessing the clinical and social relevance of the more subtle and long-term effects of PTCs presents interesting challenges and opportunities.

Spain and other European countries lack population indicators on the impact that environmental processes have on human health. Several government levels have a role to fulfill in the monitoring of biological levels of PTCs among persons in order to assess the risks of adverse health effects.

Along with over a hundred other countries. Spain will soon try to implement the Stockholm treaty on persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This constitutes a new opportunity to develop more efficient policies to control PTC residues in food, humans and the enviroment. As part of the treaty implementation it is necessary to launch a Report on factors that influence body concentrations of PTCs in the Spain general population.

key words:
Persistent toxic compounds
Persistent organicpollutants (POPs)
Organochlorine compounds
Environment/ chemistry
DDT
DDE
Polychlorinated biphenyls
Dioxins
Hexachlorobenzene
Lindane
Stockholm treaty
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Formado asimismo por Laura Ruiz, Manuel Jariod, Jesús Vioque, Juan Alguacil, Piedad Martín, Núria Malats y Daniel Ayude.

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